Dear WA colleagues,
I would like to share this article that I think we all need to remind ourselves of from time to time. Cognitive bias!
The Curse of Knowledge: A Barrier in Education and How to Overcome It
In 1989, economists Camerer, Lowenstein, and Weber introduced the concept of "the curse of knowledge," a cognitive bias where individuals assume others share their level of understanding. This bias can make it challenging for experts to communicate effectively with novices, as highlighted by Chip and Dan Heath in 2010: “Once we know something, we find it hard to imagine what it was like not to know it. Our knowledge has ‘cursed’ us.”
This phenomenon is particularly problematic in education, where teachers' deep expertise can become a barrier to explaining concepts clearly to students. The curse of knowledge can lead to poor communication, creating obstacles in teaching and learning.
The Paradox for Teachers
For educators, the curse of knowledge presents a paradox: the more knowledgeable they are, the harder it can be to teach beginners. Teachers must be aware of this bias when planning and delivering lessons to avoid assuming students have the same foundational knowledge.
This issue isn't limited to students; it affects any situation where knowledge transfer is necessary, including professional development sessions for colleagues. Teachers and trainers need to recognize and address the curse of knowledge to ensure effective communication.
Strategies to Overcome the Curse of Knowledge
1. Patience and Empathy: Recognise that learning is challenging and that each student progresses at their own pace. Patience and understanding are crucial, especially in mixed-ability classes.
2. Avoid Assumptions: Instead of assuming prior knowledge, teachers should check students' understanding and provide necessary explanations. This is particularly important for students with English as an additional language or other barriers to comprehension.
3. Encourage Questions: Create a safe environment where students feel comfortable asking questions. Many students may hesitate to seek clarification, fearing judgment from peers or teachers.
4. Use Formative Assessments: Regularly assess students' understanding to identify gaps in knowledge. This helps teachers tailor their instruction to meet students' needs effectively.
5. Provide Clear Support: Design lesson materials with prompts and cues to aid comprehension. Use clear language, concrete examples, and encourage students to explain concepts in their own words.
6. Leverage Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Effective teachers understand common misconceptions and sticking points in the curriculum. This knowledge helps them anticipate and address areas where students might struggle.
7. Collaborate with Colleagues: Experienced colleagues can offer valuable insights into common areas of misunderstanding, helping teachers refine their approach.
Conclusion
Acknowledging the curse of knowledge is the first step in overcoming it. By being mindful of this cognitive bias, educators can improve their teaching strategies, ensuring that they communicate effectively and support all learners in their journey from novice to expert.
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